16. D. Khodagholy, T. Doublet, P. Quilichini, M. Gurfinkel, P. Leleux, A. Ghestem, E. Ismailova,

T. Hervé, S. Sanaur, C. Bernard, G.G. Malliaras, In vivo recordings of brain activity using

organic transistors, Nat. Commun. 4 (2013) 1575.

17. A.M.D. Wan, R.M. Schur, C.K. Ober, C. Fischbach, D. Gourdon, G.G. Malliaras, Electrical

control of protein conformation, Adv. Mater. 24 (2012) 2501–2505.

18. R.L. Razalli, M.M. Abdi, P.M. Tahir, A. Moradbak, Y. Sulaiman, L.Y. Heng, Polyaniline-

modified nanocellulose prepared from Semantan bamboo by chemical polymerization:

Preparation and characterization, RSC Adv. 7 (2017) 25191–25198.

19. J. Liu, Y.S. Kim, C.E. Richardson, A. Tom, C. Ramakrishnan, F. Birey, T. Katsumata, S. Chen,

C. Wang, X. Wang, L.-M. Joubert, Y. Jiang, H. Wang, L.E. Fenno, J.B.H. Tok, S.P. Pașca,

K. Shen, Z. Bao, K. Deisseroth, Genetically targeted chemical assembly of functional mate­

rials in living cells, tissues, and animals, Science. 367(80) (2020) 1372–1376.

20. Y. Fang, L. Meng, A. Prominski, E.N. Schaumann, M. Seebald, B. Tian, Recent advances in

bioelectronics chemistry, Chem. Soc. Rev 49 (2020) 7978–8035.

21. S. Hara, T. Zama, W. Takashima, K. Kaneto, Artificial muscles based on polypyrrole ac­

tuators with large strain and stress induced electrically, Polym. J. 36 (2004) 151–161.

22. M. Golabi, A.P.F. Turner, E.W.H. Jager, Tunable conjugated polymers for bacterial differ­

entiation, Sensors Actuators, B Chem. 222 (2016) 839–848.

23. Y. Wei, X. Mo, P. Zhang, Y. Li, J. Liao, Y. Li, J. Zhang, C. Ning, S. Wang, X. Deng, L. Jiang,

Directing stem cell differentiation via electrochemical reversible switching between nano­

tubes and nanotips of polypyrrole array, ACS Nano. 11 (2017) 5915–5924.

24. J. Huang, P.F. Miller, J.S. Wilson, A.J. de Mello, J.C. de Mello, D.D.C. Bradley, Investigation

of the effects of doping and post-deposition treatments on the conductivity, morphology,

and work function of poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) films, Adv.

Funct. Mater. 15 (2005) 290–296.

25. C. Yeon, G. Kim, J.W. Lim, S.J. Yun, Highly conductive PEDOT:PSS treated by sodium do­

decyl sulfate for stretchable fabric heaters, RSC Adv. 7 (2017) 5888–5897.

26. D. Pani, A. Dessi, J.F. Saenz-Cogollo, G. Barabino, B. Fraboni, A. Bonfiglio, Fully textile,

PEDOT:PSS based electrodes for wearable ECG monitoring systems, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

63 (2016) 540–549.

27. D. Gan, Z. Huang, X. Wang, L. Jiang, C. Wang, M. Zhu, F. Ren, L. Fang, K. Wang, C. Xie, X.

Lu, Graphene oxidetemplated conductive and redoxactive nanosheets incorporated hy­

drogels for adhesive bioelectronics, Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 (2020) 1907678.

28. R.A. Green, N.H. Lovell, G.G. Wallace, L.A. Poole-Warren, Conducting polymers for neural

interfaces: Challenges in developing an effective long-term implant, Biomaterials. 29 (2008)

3393–3399.

29. C. Tortiglione, M.R. Antognazza, A. Tino, C. Bossio, V. Marchesano, A. Bauduin, M. Zangoli,

S.V. Morata, G. Lanzani, Semiconducting polymers are light nanotransducers in eyeless

animals, Sci. Adv. 3 (2017) e1601699.

30. G. Bondelli, S. Sardar, G. Chiaravalli, V. Vurro, G.M. Paternò, G. Lanzani, C. D’Andrea,

Shedding light on thermally induced optocapacitance at the organic biointerface, J. Phys.

Chem. B. 125 (2021) 10748–10758.

31. F. Lodola, V. Vurro, S. Crasto, E. Di Pasquale, G. Lanzani, Optical pacing of human-induced

pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes mediated by a conjugated polymer interface,

Adv. Healthc. Mater. 8 (2019) 1–7.

32. D. Ghezzi, M.R. Antognazza, R. MacCarone, S. Bellani, E. Lanzarini, N. Martino, M. Mete, G.

Pertile, S. Bisti, G. Lanzani, F. Benfenati, A polymer optoelectronic interface restores light

sensitivity in blind rat retinas, Nat. Photonics. 7 (2013) 400–406.

33. P. Feyen, E. Colombo, D. Endeman, M. Nova, L. Laudato, N. Martino, M.R. Antognazza, G.

Lanzani, F. Benfenati, D. Ghezzi, Light-evoked hyperpolarization and silencing of neurons

by conjugated polymers, Sci. Rep. 6 (2016) 22718.

34. J.F. Maya-Vetencourt, D. Ghezzi, M.R. Antognazza, E. Colombo, M. Mete, P. Feyen, A. Desii,

A. Buschiazzo, M. Di Paolo, S. Di Marco, F. Ticconi, L. Emionite, D. Shmal, C. Marini,

Materials for Organic Bioelectronics

69